High bmep levels combined with a superb driveability call for highly sophisticated charging systems. Beside VTG, electrically boosted chargers, wastegate / VNG chargers, turbo compound systems especially 2 stage charging with intermediate charge air cooling allows to achieve sufficient air access ratios over the whole engine speed range still at a very reasonable cost level. AVL offer clever packaging solutions for the 2 stage charging system including the charge air cooling with a charge air pressure potential of above 5 bar being more compact, cheaper and more reliable than comparable systems on the market.