The overall cooling system specification and optimisation is performed by a total system approach considering the heat input process, the internal and external coolant circuit, the oil circuit, and the external air flow. Depending on the depth of detail, advanced CFD simulation techniques are utilised to even simulate the under-hood air flow in detail in case no measured data are available.
The resulting pressure, temperature and mass flow of the air, charge air, coolant, and lubrication oil are optimised by parametric studies in view of size, type and arrangement of the radiator, oil cooler and charge air cooler, and size, speed and type of the fan, for different vehicle operating conditions.