aviation F O C U S A V I AT I O N (International Civil Aircraft Organization), national legislative authorities, OEMs and the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), has defined new procedures for the measurement of particulate emissions (AIR 6241, Aircraft Information Report). The report provides a new measuring quantity for particles, nvPM (non-volatile Particulate Matter), which replaces the previously measured filter smoke number (FSN). These procedures provide the measurement of the particle number (PN) and the soot mass. The methodology used for measuring PN concentrations is based on specifications from the automotive emissions legislation. Moreover, technical expertise was drawn from the European Particle Measurement Program (PMP). Since the combustion process of jet engines produces even smaller The heavy air pollution, especially in metropolitan areas with very high traffic and industry density, poses a serious global threat to health. The intense particulate matter load is a key factor in this process. A significant part of the particulate matter consists of soot particles (black carbon), which are the result of emissions from combustion processes. In urban areas, these combustion processes, for the most part, can be attributed to traffic. Therefore, in order to respond to the growing hazard to health, for many years, particulate matter limits have been tightened in the global emissions legislation. As a result, particulate filters have become an integral part for diesel engines. Meanwhile the introduction of particulate filters for direct-injection gasoline engines is also being discussed intensely. In addition, modern supercharged internal combustion engines are increasingly emitting so-called Ultra Fine Particles (UFP < 100 nm). Such particles are increasingly moving into the focus of health experts, as the UFPs can be very easily absorbed by the body, and pose severe health hazards. Apart from health risks, soot particles in the atmosphere are the second largest contributors to global warming, coming straight after CO2. As a consequence, currently efforts are also being undertaken to reduce particle emissions in other transportation areas, such as the aviation and the maritime industry. NEW MEASURING QUANTITIES FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINE CERTIFICATION FROM 2016 For the international aviation industry an expert group, consisting of representatives from the ICAO > The AVL Particle Measurement System Aviation. particles than internal combustion engines, in the aviation industry particle concentrations have to be determined from a size of 10 nm onward – in the automotive area from a size of 23 nm onward. For the measurement of soot mass, two different measurement principles, which are wellknown in the automotive area, have been adopted: the Photo Acoustic Soot Sensor (PASS) and Laser Induced Incandescence (LII). Following a three-year monitoring phase, it is planned to introduce mandatory, globally valid limit values, which could be tightened further. The aim is to improve the airport air quality near ground level and at a height of up to 3,000 ft (approx. 900 m). The new ICAO standard will initially affect turbojet and turbofan engines with a thrust higher than 26.7 kN.
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