The highly dynamic market transition towards electrification requires a closer look at the individual systems, focusing on battery and fuel cells. To improve their efficiency and lifetime, these components must be analyzed in detail.
Finding errors at an early stage, observing degradation effects, and evaluating the state of health of battery and fuel cells are crucial tasks for a wide range of applications in all stages of development – from R&D to end-of-line tests.
New measurement and evaluation methods like the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) provide this detailed information.

The modular structure of the X-ion EIS system enables the perfect fulfillment of a wide variety of requirements. The various possible combinations of AC sources and signal conditioning units allow everything to be covered – from pure Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of PEM FC, batteries, and SOFC, to resonance frequency analysis and impedance spectroscopy of inverters or other DC bus components, for example. The number of measurement channels can also be easily adapted, and it is possible to calculate the cell impedance and analyze the whole stack simultaneously.
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Broad Spectrum of UUTs
EIS measurements from the single cell up to HV battery packs and fuel cell or electrolysis stacks.
Fast EIS – Short Measurement Duration
The option to apply several frequencies to a single UUT (multisine EIS), and the use of pseudorandom binary sequences (PRBS) accelerate measurements.
Multi-Channel Solution
The high-resolution multiple cell analysis (up to 191 EIS channels) allows simultaneous EIS of multiple cells within a stack.
Maximum Flexibility and Utilization
Built into a trolley, the system offers a mobile solution with maximum flexibility, simple setup, and high utilization value.
AVL X-ion™ Platform
AVL X-ion is a highly dynamic, modular data acquisition unit with 8 freely usable slots. This allows X-ion to be used for a wide variety of use cases, for example, those relating to power measurements or NVH measurements.
Signal Conditioning High Voltages and Current Range
To measure high voltages and currents, the High Voltage Probe (HVP) Box and the Current Transducer Supply (CTS) Box are available as extensions for AVL X-ion.
EIS Toolbox Software
The software enables testbed integration with automated test sequences and storage of raw data for further processing and analysis. Integrated evaluations such as impedance lists, Nyquist and Bode plots, calculation of parameter values, and validity checks via Kramers-Kronig relations facilitate operation and interpretation.
AVL Smart EIS™
The all-in-one fast Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurement system for battery modules, battery packs, fuel cell short stacks, and fuel cell systems. AC excitation and measurement in a single system. DC voltage up to 500 V.
Solution Sheet AVL X-ion™ EIS
EIS measurement system - Accurate analytics of electrochemical cell parameters
Solution Sheet AVL Smart EIS™
Compact EIS measurement system - Accurate analytics of battery, fuel cell and electrolyzer parameters
White Paper Degradation Risks FC Operation
Test procedures to identify, understand, and mitigate FC development issues